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plug computers, servers and PCs in Miniature

computers become so small as to be confused with a standard charger for mobile phones. These great devices, known as Plug Computers were introduced to carry out many of the functions for which until recently would have required a real PC. The advantages are obviously different. Just to name a few, with Plug Computer engineers can create applications that require always-on device with a power consumption really ridiculous and a footprint to zero.

They look like a small power supply and, in fact, can be connected to an electrical outlet directly to the wall. These devices allow you to implement networking applications, including complex and function as a web server. In addition to the electrical connection, generally include at least one USB port and an Ethernet jack.

The Marvell, which have the SheevaPlug won Popular Science's 2009 "Best of What's New" Award is one of the pioneers in this area. This particular Plug Computer Sheeva is based on the processor with ARM core 1.2GHz and includes 512MB of flash memory for storing data and 512MB of DRAM. The SheevaPlug normally consumes only 5W, supports all Linux distributions compatible with the ARM architecture, and is equipped with a USB 2.0 port that allows connection of an external hard drive or other peripherals. The price of SheevaPlug is $ 99.

The application fields of Computer Plug and limitations are so many depend solely and exclusively by the imagination of the developers. E 'can be obtained for various applications web, home automation, or even control. For example, consider that with a Plug your computer you can very easily implement an efficient file server for home use.

Computer plug could also be used to make cheap but good surveillance systems. The idea is to use the USB port to receive the video output of a simple webcam and operate the device server in a way that allows remote access and enable the display of streaming video through a web interface. This type of application can be developed in much the same way as you would for a normal Personal Computer with Linux operating system.

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HDMI 1.4, Ethernet and incoming

L ' High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is the industry standard for digital communication of audio and video. Due to the high bandwidth achievable, this technical solution allows you to transfer both video and high-definition audio, the same cable. The HDMI is widely used to interconnect DVD players and set-top boxes with digital screens in high definition. Many smart phones and personal computers are now equipped with such an interface.

HDMI was introduced for the first time in 2002 and since then has been constantly enriched and improved until you get to version 1.4 released in June this year. It must be said, however, that at this moment you still can not find products to market HDMI 1.4. In fact, the official site of LLC, which is the company that has the responsibility of the standard, it is stated explicitly that the specific Complaiance Test 1.4, needs to certify the new HDMI interface, has not yet been released.

The first version of HDMI it possible to transfer video data at a rate of 3.96 Gb / s and audio information to 36.86 Mb / s, with a resolution of 1920 × 1200p60, and the ability to transmit 24-bit 8-channel audio at 192 kHz. Version 1.4 will allow you to transfer the video signal to 8.16Gb/se to obtain a resolution of 4096 × 2160p24.

addition to higher resolution, which will support the next generation of displays, HDMI 1.4 introduces new color models used to date for the digital photography and computer graphics.

The most important changes concern the introduction of a channel ethernet, 3D video and audio channel of delivery. Let us now briefly what they are:

Channel Ethernet

This feature allows you to transfer data at 100Mb / s along with the audio / video. Thanks to this important news you can share a single internet connection between all HDMI devices (DVD players, set-top box, HD TV, etc.).. Moreover, in this way all the HDMI terminals can implement IP-based applications.

3D Video

The latest version of HDMI will transfer the information necessary to reproduce three-dimensional video. In This will allow you to use our home games and home theater 3D.

Channel Audio Return

This feature addresses a major limitation of previous versions. In fact, until today, where you must transfer the audio signal in both directions (as for TV with integrated antenna), you have to force it to use an additional cable. With version 1.4 you will instead have the maximum flexibility, and in all cases it is possible two-way communication.

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3D Video Processor with FPGA

This article attempts to summarize in a few lines of the increasingly popular technology of programmable logic, providing an overview for those who love, business needs or simple curiosity, it is entering the first time in this world.

Basic

To put it simply, the so-called programmable logic allows anyone to create a complex digital system on a single silicon chip. The most common form of programmable devices is the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array ). These are true high-density chips, which can be programmed as often as you like, by means of a suitable software provided free by the same manufacturer of the device. It also serves a circuit programming interface to the PC. This can usually be bought with a few tens of euro once again by the manufacturer of the device. Note that for writing and debugging of the program are not strictly necessary nor circuit programming or the device itself. The development environment, in fact, includes a suitable mortgage that, a bit 'as it happens Development of software for microcontrollers, can continually check the correctness of the program is being developed. Once loaded on the FPGA, the program causes the device implements exactly the functionality we have described.

Benefits

The programmable logic devices have been introduced to meet the developers have a tool in place to quickly implement sophisticated circuitry in the execution of specific tasks . As an alternative to FPGAs, it's possible to manufacture an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or to make the same circuit used discrete components. The first solution can usually get better performance and reduced dimensions, but implies huge costs, and for this reason, it is convenient when you plan to drive down costs by buying a large number of devices (obviously not the case with ' Electronic DIY). The development of discrete components instead you get the lower door is much more complicated from a design point of view, and implies the creation of cumbersome and complex electronic boards (board).

VHDL

The step of programming is done through the use of so-called hardware description language or HDL (Hadware Description Language). Among these, there is a VHDL stands for VHSIC HDL, in turn, VHSIC stands for Very High Speed \u200b\u200bIntegrated Circuits. This language became the IEEE standard in its two versions in 1987 and 1993 respectively. In addition to programming the FPGA, VHDL is widely used for ASIC design.

FPGA Development

Many manufacturers of FPGAs such as Altera, Xilinx and Actel, together with software development, generally also provide core libraries that greatly facilitate the work of designers. These libraries include a set of modules IP (Intellectual Property), which are essentially presviluppati components that can be freely used and integrated into the project along with the user modules. This approach saves a lot of time when you have the need for highly complex projects that include standard components such as Ethernet interfaces, SDRAM controller, FFT / IFFT cores, etc..

as FPGA Co-Processor

As mentioned, FPGAs are often used in the creation of specialized circuits in the execution of specific tasks. Consider for example an embedded system for decoding a video signal or treating. When, as in this case, it requires high computational power, the use of a standard processor is not enough and one needs to predict the presence of a co-processor is exactly what happens even in the standard personal computer , where many of the graphics features are implemented by a separate processor built into the video. Returning to the example, a convenient choice is to realize the co-processor on the FPGA device, designing and implemented in VHDL of the functionality of the system. In these cases, when there is a processor that is an FPGA, there is a problem of co-design hardware / software. In other words, we must identify which of the functionality of the system must be implemented in hardware and software in which the processor. In this particular example, the obvious solution is to implement the FPGA device, the only video decoding circuitry, and allow the CPU to manage the eventual user interface and management of communication with any peripherals and memory.

as FPGA chipset

Until a few years ago, the realization of complex chips such as microcontrollers, general purpose processors or specialized processors in digital signal processing (DSP), could only be entrusted to the so-called chipmaker, the company that is equipped with the technology required for the manufacture of integrated circuits. Today, thanks to the performance and complexity can also be reached through the programmable technologies, in many cases it is possible to create entire systems on an FPGA device. In other words, the typical architecture system-on-Chip (SoC), usually composed of at least a CPU, various components of processing (hardware CODEC Audio / Video, DSP, etc.). And peripheral modules (USB, I2C, etc..) Can also be synthesized on programmable devices. Of course, unless you are part of a team of dozens of people, we must necessarily rely on the libraries of IP provided (often free) by the FPGA manufacturers.

There are really many ways to begin in a few hours to develop a system to FPGA hardware. Actel, for example, provides a free suite ACTEL Free, rather than a development environment that delivers immediate VHDL modules that can be quickly integrated with a variety of IP cores library. Through this suite, you can create for example a microcontroller-based coreABC and up to 16 different peripherals (SPI, UART, VGA controller, etc..), simply instantiating library components.

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DIY Make Money Betting is mathematically possible to Smartbook

find a way to be sure of winning, this is the dream of many gamblers. This result is mathematically possible and can be obtained in an algorithm. Of course, the percentage of income than the amount invested is relatively low, and for the chance to earn significant numbers have to invest a bit 'of money, have some' time to spare and get a lot of patience. Once a hand and have learned the right tricks, you can earn so much.

The technique is simple and is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bexploiting differences in the rates of the various bookmakers. To maximize gains, you must wager the maximum number of events in search of all the bookmakers, Italians and foreigners, who have the range bigger.

Consider a concrete example: the Champions Dinamo Kiev - Inter scheduled for tomorrow night (November 4). To this end we consider the odds of three different bookmaker: BetClick, 5Dimes and SJ. These, for the three possible final results (1, X 2), offer the following quote:

BetClick: 1/3.75, X/3.25, 02/02/2000
5Dimes: 1/3.58, X/3.29, SJ
2/2.29: 1/3.25, X/3.40, 02/02/2000

Suppose you bet 1 euro on each of the three possible outcomes, spending a total of 3 Euro. Now consider the three different cases:

1) All play interactive demonstration:

Victoria Dinamo Kiev (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.75 - 0.75 = 3 Euro
Draw (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.25 - 3 = 0.25 Euro Inter
Victoria (loss): Sum Won - Expenditures = 2.00 - 3 = -1.00 Euro
2) All bets on 5Dimes

Victoria Dinamo Kiev (win): Winning Amount - Expenditures = 3.58 - 3 = 0.58 Euro
Draw (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.29 - 3 = 0.29 Euro Inter
Victoria (loss): Sum Won - Expenditures = 2.29 - 3 = -0.71 Euro
3) All bets on Dinamo Kiev SJ

Victory (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.25 - 3 = 0.25 Euro
Draw (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.40 - 3 = 0.40 Euro Inter
Victoria (loss): Amount Won - Expenditures = 2.00 - 3 = -1.00 Euro

The proposed algorithm is to bet the same amount on each of the three results, but in this case, each time choosing the highest share among the three bookies.

Victoria Dynamo Kiev with BetClick (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.70 - 0.75 = 3 Euro
Draw with SJ (win): Sum Won - Expenditures = 3.30 - 3 = 0.40 Euro
Vittoria Inter 5Dimes (loss ): Sum Won - Expenditures = 2.10 - 3 = -0.71 Euro

Now, suppose that the three possible outcomes (1, X and 2) are associated with the occurrence probability of 25%, 35% and 40%. If this situation presents a large number of times, and every time you bet with the approach illustrated by a statistical reasoning we can conclude that the average gain for each of the bets is the average between gains (or losses) correspond to three possible outcomes, weighted with the probability of occurrence of the same. For this particular example, it would be:

Gain Bet x = (0.75 * 0.25 + 0:40 * 0.35 - 0.71 * 0.40) / 3 = about 5 cents.

Obviously, the gain will be much higher as you are good at identifying the bookmaker offering the best odds. Remember that the rule is to bet the same amount on all possible final results for each event by selecting the bookmaker that has the highest share. The skill is to identify events for which the shares of several major bookmakers have imbalances.

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From Netbook , ASUS short on the market with Android

And 'the case to say: the world is changing very fast! In technology, we do not have time to understand the meaning of an acronym or the name used to denote a certain category of products that now there is talk again of something that is unknown to us. A few months ago, there was talk of Smartbook. This is the name used by Qualcomm for the first time to indicate a particular type of MID (Mobile Internet Device). Smartbooks are halfway between Netbook and Smartphones, and devices are achieved through integrated chipset with the processor on the same silicon chip, according to the model system-on-Chip (SoC) is widely used for smartphones and many other consumer-type applications. This approach significantly reduces power consumption and size, resulting in many of the advantages of so-called always-on devices.

Snapdragon is the name of the intended deployment of Qualcomm SoCs Smartbook. This chipset includes an ARM processor, 1 GHz, DSP 600MHz, support for 1280x720 display, 3D graphics and 3G mobile, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Snapdragon also allows the use of different operating systems: Windows Mobile, Android and various Linux platforms. Clearly, the solution proposed by Qualcomm is, in fact, an evolution of SoC products developed previously by the company for mobile. In this regard, it is worth remembering that many of the HTC on the market have a Qualcomm chip. Just this week, the president of ASUS has announced that the company will market its first product Smartbook by mid 2010 at a price of about $ 180. As for the operating system, not even to say, it would seem that once again Google will present Android.

Using a key to different readings, we could say that the main chipmaker are all converging towards the MID segment, where they will battle to grab market share. On the one hand there are the historians processor manufacturers like Intel, which obviously are trying to leverage their technology and their know-how gained in the field of Desktop and Notebook. Other, there are producers of System-on-Chip for Mobile as, indeed, Qualcomm, who are trying to gain a competitive advantage from the great experience gained in the System-on-chip for mobile devices.